ML-family, but some newer languages add it.
It means that a module fully manages its data, i.e. any data that the module owns and operates can be altered only by the module’s code itself. If there’s a need to manipulate the data from outside, it’s done only via the module’s public API. It guarantees that there are no unauthorized changes to the data that come from other modules (i.e. a distant, unrelated code, which is not tested together). Encapsulation is also used to maintain invariants.
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